Natural Law, Natural Rights, and American Constitutionalism

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Adams, John Quincy

The Jubilee of the Constitution

American States, Various

Precursors to the Bill of Rights in the States (excerpts)

Aquinas, Thomas

Summa Theologiae (Aquinas; excerpts)

Human Law

QUESTION 100: THE MORAL PRECEPTS OF THE OLD (TESTAMENT'S) LAW

Question 101 (Partial): The Ceremonial Precepts in Themselves

Question 104 (Partial): The Judicial Precepts

Question 106 (Partial): The Law of the Gospel, Called the New Law, Considered in Itself

Question 107 (Partial): The New Law As Compared with the Old

Question 108 (Partial): Things That Are Contained in the New Law

QUESTION 90: THE ESSENCE OF LAW

QUESTION 91: THE VARIOUS KINDS OF LAW

QUESTION 92: THE EFFECTS OF LAW

QUESTION 93: THE ETERNAL LAW

QUESTION 94: THE NATURAL LAW

Question 95: Human Law

Question 96: The Power of Human Law

Question 97: Change in Laws

Question 98 (Partial): The Old (Testament's) Law

Question 99 (Partial): The Precepts of the Old (Testament's) Law

Aristotle

Nicomachean Ethics

Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle; excerpts)

Politics

Rhetoric I.13

Rhetoric I.15

Austin, John

The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (John Austin)

Blackstone, William

Of the Absolute Rights of Individuals (Blackstone)

Of the Absolute Rights of Individuals (William Blackstone; excerpt)

Of the Countries Subject to the Laws of England; Of the Parliament (William Blackstone)

Of the Laws of England (William Blackstone)

Of the Nature of Laws in General (William Blackstone)

Botero, Giovanni

The Reason of State (Botero)

British Parliament

English Bill of Rights

Brutus

The Anti-Federalist Papers, Brutus No. 2

Brutus, Junius

A Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants

Burke, Edmund

On the Laws against Popery in Ireland

Reflections on the Revolution in France

The Representation of the Commons in the Parliament

Calvin, John

Institutes of the Christian Religion (John Calvin)

Cicero

Laws (Cicero; excerpt)

On Duties (De Officiis)

On the Laws (De Legibus)

On the Republic (De Republica)

Republic (Cicero; excerpt)

Coke, Edward

Dr. Bonham's Case

Continental Congress

Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress

Resolutions of the Continental Congress

The Declaration of Independence

Cusa, Nicholas of

The Catholic Concordance

Dewey, John

The Influence of Darwinism on Philosophy

DuBois, W.E.B.

Evolution of the Race Problem

English Lords

Magna Carta

Finnis, John

Public Good: The Specifically Political Common Good in Aquinas

Gaius

Institutes of Roman Law

On Civil Law and Natural Law

Goodnow, Frank Johnson

The American Conception of Liberty

Gordon, Thomas and John Trenchard

Cato's Letters

Grisez, Germain

Natural Law, God, Religion, and Human Fulfillment

The First Principle of Practical Reason: A Commentary on the Summa Theologiae

The True Ultimate End of Human Beings: The Kingdom, Not God Alone

Grotius, Hugo

Concerning the Certainty of Right in General

Guicciardini, Francesco

Dialogue on the Regime of Florence (Guicciardini)

Hobbes, Thomas

Dialogue between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England (Thomas Hobbes)

Leviathan

The Citizen (De Cive)

Holmes, Oliver Wendell (Jr.)

Ideals and Doubts

Natural Law

The Path of the Law

The Path of the Law (Oliver Wendell Holmes)

Hooker, Richard

Chapter 10: How Reason Does Lead Men to Make Human Laws

Chapter 11: Why God Has by Scripture Made Known Supernatural Laws

Chapter 12: Why So Many Natural Laws Are Set Down in Scripture

Chapter 1: The Cause of Writing This General Discourse

Chapter 2: Of That Law Which God Has Set for Himself

Chapter 3: The Law of Natural Agents

Chapter 5: The Law Whereby Man Is Directed to the Imitation of God

Chapter 6: Men’s Knowledge of That Law Which They Are to Observe

Chapter 7: Of Man’s Will

Chapter 8: Of the Way of Finding out Laws by Reason

Chapter 9: The Benefit of Keeping That Law Which Reason Teaches

Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Excerpts)

Hume, David

Of Civil Liberty

Of the Origin of Government

Of the Original Contract

Some Farther Considerations with Regard to Justice

Jefferson, Thomas

Rough Draft of the Declaration of Independence

The Rights of British America

Thomas Jefferson to Henry Lee

Thomas Jefferson to Roger Weightman

King, Martin Luther (Jr.)

Letter from a Birmingham Jail (Martin Luther King, Jr.)

Lincoln, Abraham

Speech at Columbus, OH

Speech at Hartford, CT

Speech at Peoria, IL

Speech on the Dred Scott Decision (Lincoln; excerpt)

To Henry L. Pierce

Locke, John

A Letter Concerning Toleration (Locke; excerpts)

First Treatise of Government, "Of Government: Book I"

Second Treatise of Government (Locke; excerpt)

Second Treatise of Government, "Of Civil Government: Book II"

Luther, Martin

Against the Antinomians (Martin Luther)

Against the Sabbatarians (Martin Luther)

How Christians Should Regard Moses (Martin Luther)

Temporal Authority (Martin Luther)

Machiavelli, Niccolo

In What Mode Faith Should Be Kept by Princes

The Dictatorial Authority Did Good, and Not Harm, to the Roman Republic

To Use Fraud in Managing War Is a Glorious Thing, etc.

Madison, James

Federalist 51

Mandeville, Bernard

The Grumbling Hive

Melanchthon, Philip

Is There Certitude in the Doctrines of Physics? (Philip Melanchthon)

On Law (Philip Melanchthon)

Summary of the Teaching of the Renewed Church (Philip Melanchthon)

What Are the Causes of the Certitude of Doctrine? (Philip Melanchthon)

Montaigne, Michel de

On Cannibals

Montesquieu

The Spirit of Laws (excerpts)

The Spirit of the Laws (Montesquieu; excerpts)

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Bill of Rights

Ockham, William of

A Short Discourse on Tyrannical Government

Dialogue on the Power of the Pope and the Emperor

Otis, James

The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved

Paine, Thomas

Common Sense

Rights of Man

Penn, William

Preface to the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Bill of Rights

Plato

Gorgias

Laws

Minos

Plutarch

Lycurgus (Plutarch; excerpts)

Price, Richard

A Discourse on the Love of Our Country

Observations on Civil Liberty, Government, and the War with America (Excerpt)

Pufendorf, Samuel

The Law of Nature and Nations (Excerpt)

Rawls, John

Justice As Fairness: Political, Not Metaphysical (Excerpts)

Politics, Religion, and the Common Good: Interview with John Rawls

The Idea of Public Reason Revisited (excerpts)

Reid, Thomas

Of Reasoning (Thomas Reid)

Roosevelt, Theodore

New Nationalism

Seneca Falls Convention

Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention

Seville, Isidore of

Etymologies, or Origins

Sidney, Algernon

Discources Concerning Government (Excerpts)

Suarez, Francisco

On the Laws

Sumner, William Graham

Memorial Day Address ("The American Code")

Purposes and Consequences

The Absurd Effort to Make the World Over

The Mores of the Present and the Future

United States of America

Constitution of the United States

The Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights (of the United States)

US Congress

13th Amendment

14th Amendment

15th Amendment

US Supreme Court

Abrams v. United States

Griswold v. Connecticut

Hepburn v. Griswold (The Legal Tender Cases; abridged)

Lochner v. New York

Loving v. Virginia

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (U.S. Supreme Court)

Schenck v. United States

Shelley v. Kraemer (U.S. Supreme Court)

The Slaughterhouse Cases

Vattel, Emer de

Law of Nations

Virginia

Virginia Declaration of Rights

Voltaire

Dialogue Between A Savage and A Bachelor of Arts

The Huron

Ward, Lester

Mind as a Social Factor

Webster, Noah

An Examination into the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution (Webster; excerpts)

Wilson, James

Chisholm v. Georgia

Considerations on the Authority of the British Parliament (James Wilson)

Lectures on Law (James Wilson)

Wilson, Woodrow

The New Freedom

Zwingli, Huldreich

Commentary on Matt. 7:12, Whatever you would wish that they do to you (Huldreich Zwingli)

Classical & Medieval
Early Modern
American Constitutionalism
Contemporary
- New Natural Law Theory
Critics